Common TCP/UDP ports for CCNA exam (SSH, HTTP, DNS, DHCP, etc.)

7 layers with protocols, PDUs, and devices at each layer

CIDR notation, subnet masks, hosts per subnet

AD values for all routing protocols

Must-know Cisco IOS commands for the exam

Spanning Tree port states, timers, and types

Address types, prefixes, and transition methods

802.11 standards, frequencies, and speeds

Mnemonics and memory aids for key concepts

VLAN concepts, 802.1Q, native VLAN, and trunk configuration

Standard, extended, and named ACL syntax and rules

Static NAT, dynamic NAT, PAT configuration

DHCP process, configuration, and relay agent

LACP, PAgP, and link aggregation

First Hop Redundancy Protocols comparison

Port security, DHCP snooping, DAI, and threats

Essential show and debug commands for troubleshooting

OSPF areas, LSA types, neighbor states, and configuration

Cable types, distances, and connector standards